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For A2 level students, using logical connectors is essential to make your sentences clear and smooth. These small words help link ideas, structure your texts, and make it easier for others to understand you, both in speaking and writing.
Connectors by Function
| FUNCTION | CONNECTORS |
|---|---|
| Addition | and (also), moreover, then |
| Alternative | either... or..., or..., or else |
| Cause | since, because/as, indeed, thanks to, due to |
| Consequence | thus, indeed, that's why |
| Opposition | however, on the other hand, instead of, yet |
| Conclusion | in conclusion, to conclude |
| Enumeration |
firstly, first, to begin with; secondly, then, moreover; thirdly, finally, to conclude |
Explanations and Examples
Cause
- since → used for an obvious explanation when the cause is known.
Example: He stays at home since he is sick.
- because → introduces the cause at the beginning of the sentence.
Example: Because it is raining, we stay inside.
- indeed → to confirm or explain a statement.
Example: He is very tired, indeed, he didn’t sleep.
- thanks to → for a positive cause.
Example: I passed my exam thanks to your advice.
- due to → for a negative cause.
Example: I was late to the office due to the transport strike.
Consequence
- thus → to show the result or conclusion of an action.
Example: He studied a lot, thus he passed.
- indeed → to confirm that the result is exactly as expected.
Example: He worked hard, indeed, his results are good.
- that’s why → to clearly show the consequence of a problem or situation.
Example: He is sick, that’s why he is not coming.
Opposition
- however → to introduce an idea that contrasts with the first.
Example: It is cold, however, I am going out.
- on the other hand → to introduce a nuance or contrast, often in informal contexts.
Example: The film was long, on the other hand, it was interesting.
- instead of → to show that one action replaces or changes another expected action.
Example: I take the bus instead of the car.
- yet → to indicate that the result is surprising or unexpected.
Example: He studied, yet he failed.
Addition / Enumeration
To add ideas or organize points:
- and / also / moreover / then
Example: I like chocolate and vanilla.
To list several items:
- Firstly, secondly, thirdly
- First, then, finally
- To begin with, in addition, to conclude
Examples:
• Firstly, I get up at 7 a.m.
• Secondly, I have breakfast.
• Thirdly, I go to school.
• First, I do my homework.
• Then, I play with my friends.
• Finally, I go to bed around 9 p.m.
• To begin with, I go to the market.
• In addition, I buy vegetables and fruit.
• Finally, I go home and prepare dinner.
Conclusion
To finish a text or speech:
- in conclusion → In conclusion, it is important to revise regularly.
- to conclude → To conclude, practice is the key to success.
Why It’s Important for A2
Even with limited vocabulary, using logical connectors:
- makes your sentences clearer and easier to understand
- helps structure a text or speech
- prepares you for B1 level, where sentences become longer and more complex
💡 Practical tip: Start by using one connector per sentence to link your ideas. With practice, you will be able to vary and combine several connectors to make your texts richer.